Effectively Marketing Reg CF, Part 6: Compliance-Safe Marketing And How to Build Excitement Without Getting a Call You Don’t Want To Get

By the time you reach this point in the crowdfunding process, you usually have one question lingering in the back of your mind. You’ve taken the steps I outlined in Parts 1-5 of this series (links at end of the article). You’ve built the waitlist, you’ve warmed up their network, you’ve planned launch week momentum, and you’re finally starting to feel like the offering might actually work. Then reality arrives in the form of a slightly nervous thought: “What am I actually allowed to say?”

It’s a fair question, and it’s one that every founder should take seriously. Regulation Crowdfunding is all about marketing, but it’s also a securities offering. That means it comes with rules, boundaries, and compliance professionals whose job is essentially to keep you from accidentally turning your company into a cautionary tale. Founders sometimes assume the rules mean they can’t talk at all, while others assume the rules don’t apply because they are “just posting updates.” The truth is in the middle: you absolutely can market your offering, but you need to do it with discipline. And, you have to follow some rules which sometimes don’t make a lot of sense.

Don’t blame me. I didn’t write the rules. I just have to make sure my clients don’t break them, no matter how much I personally disagree with some of them.

While Reg CF has some specific marketing rules I'll discuss later in this article, overall a good starting part for compliance-safe marketing of any securities offering is to remember one core principle: you can be enthusiastic, but you can’t be misleading. Securities laws aren’t designed to prevent founders from telling their story. They are designed to prevent investors from being sold a fantasy. If your marketing is grounded in truth, avoids exaggeration, and directs people to the proper offering materials, you’re usually on solid ground.

One of the most common mistakes founders make is slipping into language that sounds like a guarantee. This almost never happens because founders are trying to deceive anyone. It happens because they are excited, they believe deeply in the company, and they want supporters to feel that excitement too. So they start using phrases like “This is a no-brainer,” or “You can’t lose,” or “Invest now and you’ll thank yourself later.” In everyday conversation, those are harmless. In a securities offering context, they are highly problematic.

 Equity crowdfunding investments are risky by nature (as are all investments) and investors must understand that. No founder can promise returns, and no founder can promise success. Your marketing should focus on what you’re building, not on what investors will make. You’re allowed to explain the business, the mission, the traction, and why you believe the company has potential. You’re not allowed to suggest that an investor’s profit is inevitable. The more your marketing sounds like a guarantee, the more trouble you invite

Closely related to this is the issue of performance claims. Founders love momentum, and they love telling the world that the company is about to explode. But securities regulators and portal compliance teams become very uncomfortable when marketing starts to resemble “get rich” language. Statements implying huge returns, inevitable appreciation, or once-in-a-lifetime opportunity often trigger immediate red flags. Investors can smell hype, and regulators can smell it too. In fact, even if you don’t cross the line into hype, regulators like balance. If you say something positive may happen, they like to see an equal mention by you that something negative may happen. Nobody wants to post on social media something that looks like this: “In one week you can invest in the next big thing! But, if you do, there is a great chance we will fail and you will lose all your money!”

Founders often try to minimize or brush aside risk in their securities marketing. Founders naturally want supporters to feel comfortable, so they sometimes casually reassure people that things are safe or certain. But in Reg CF, the honest approach is always better. A mature founder acknowledges risk while still expressing conviction: “This is an early-stage investment, it involves risk, but we believe strongly in what we are building.” That tone builds far more trust than pretending risk doesn’t exist.

A practical rule of thumb is that your communications should emphasize the company rather than the investor outcome. Avoid hype. Avoid promises. Avoid future predictions. Talk about your mission, your team, your products or services, your customers, and your progress. Avoid framing the offering as a shortcut to profit. When founders communicate with grounded confidence instead of exaggerated certainty, they not only stay safer legally, they often attract better investors.

Founders also need to understand that the compliance environment changes slightly once the Form C is filed and the offering is live. Before filing, you can certainly build awareness, grow a waitlist, and talk about the company’s plans, but you generally want to avoid anything that looks like soliciting actual investments before the offering exists. The pre-launch phase is about education and anticipation, not collecting checks. This period is called “testing the waters” and you need to always include a testing the waters disclaimer with all communications and keep copies of all such marketing to file with the SEC when you file your Form C to launch.

Once the offering is live, communications can be more direct, because now there is a compliant portal page where investments occur and disclosures are available. This is why intermediaries often require that offering-related marketing direct investors back to the offering page hosted by a funding portal or broker-dealer. In a securities offering, you don’t want marketing to become the primary source of information. The offering page is where the official disclosures live, and the offering page is where investments will be made. If you keep your marketing focused on pointing people to the offering page rather than making sweeping claims in social media captions, you will generally reduce compliance friction.

And keep in mind this very important Reg CF specific rule: once you launch you cannot talk about the “terms of the offering” in your marketing. Those can only be shown to investors once they get to your offering page online unless you run a “tombstone” ad. A tombstone ad has nothing to do with Wyatt Earp and Doc Holiday, it’s a very simple and boring ad that directs investors to the offering page online and includes nothing other than a statement that the issuer is conducting a Reg CF offering, the name of the platform hosting the offering and a link to the platform, the terms of your offering, and factual information about your limited to your company name, address, phone number and website, email address and a brief description of your business. In other words, the most boring ad you can imagine.

So what are the terms of the offering that you cannot place in your Reg CF marketing, you ask? Luckily, Congress set these out for us in instructions to the actual Reg CF statute. Terms of the offering are:

1. The amount of securities offered,

2. The nature of the securities,

3. The price of the securities,

4. The closing date of the offering period,

5. The planned use of proceeds, and

6. The progress toward meeting your funding target.

And don’t forget, this prohibition against using the “terms of the offering” in your Reg CF marketing applies not just to what you say, but what others say about your company if you amplify it. While you certainly can’t control what some third party writes about your company online in most cases, if you take something someone wrote or said that contains terms of the offering and you repost it on your company's social media or website, you just violated the law. That awesome local newspaper article or television story about your company that also mentions that your stock is only $5 per share and that your company is raising $1,000,000 is not something you are expected to control. But take it and post in on all your company’s social media, and the words in that article of story suddenly become yours, terms of the offering and all.

Testimonials are another place where founders need to be thoughtful. Sharing customer enthusiasm is excellent, but you must be careful when testimonials drift into investment promotion. A customer saying, “This product is amazing,” is very different from someone saying, “Invest now, this stock is going to the moon.” The first supports the business. The second starts to sound like an investment pitch. Keeping testimonials focused on product and mission, not future returns, is the safer path.

It’s also wise to remember that anyone speaking publicly about your offering can create issues, even if they mean well. Employees, ambassadors, or enthusiastic supporters may not understand the boundaries and may accidentally overpromise or exaggerate. This is why providing simple suggested language to your team and “investor champions” is so helpful. People want to help you share the campaign, but you want them sharing it in ways that are factual and compliant. Ultimately, compliance-safe marketing is not about being boring. It’s about being credible. The best equity crowdfunding offerings don’t win because they shout the loudest. They win because they communicate clearly, honestly, and consistently. Investors respond to founders who treat this like a serious business, not like a hype festival. Regulators and portals/broker-dealers respond well to that too.

The bottom line is that you can absolutely build excitement around a Reg CF offering. You just need to build it on truth rather than promises, on mission rather than guarantees, and on credibility rather than exaggeration. If you approach compliance as a foundation instead of a restriction, you will market better, raise better, and sleep better.

With that, the full pre-launch blueprint is complete. Build the crowd before launch, start with warm momentum, capture interest through infrastructure, earn trust through content, orchestrate opening-week traction, and market with excitement that stays inside the rules. When founders do those things, a Reg CF offering feels like an event people were waiting for, not a link dropped into silence.

To read Part 1 of the 6 part series, click here.

To read Part 2 of the 6 part series, click here

To read Part 3 of the 6 part series, click here.

To read Part 4 of the 6 part series, click here.

To read Part 5 of the 6 part series, click here.

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.

Effectively Marketing Reg CF, Part 5: Launch Week Momentum and How to Turn a Warm Crowd Into Day-One Investors

If you have done the work in Parts 1 through 4 of this series (links at the end of this article), launch week should not feel like jumping off a cliff and hoping a parachute appears on the way down. It should feel much more like opening night. By the time your Regulation Crowdfunding offering goes live, you should not be introducing yourself to the world for the first time. You should be opening the doors to people who have already been following the story, joined the waitlist, read your updates, and said, “Yes, send me the link when it opens.

That is the right mindset for launch week: it’s not the beginning of your offering — it’s the public unveiling of everything you built quietly before launch. Equity crowdfunding offerings are won or lost in the first ten days, because this is when momentum either takes hold or fades away. Investors can see your progress immediately on a funding portal, and humans are social creatures who respond to what feels active, credible, and alive. The crowd doesn’t like empty stadiums, and equity crowdfunding on a funding portal is a stadium with a scoreboard.

This is why founders need to treat launch week as an event, not an administrative milestone. Some founders imagine that the campaign goes live, they post the link once, send one email blast, and then sit back to “see what happens.” That is not a strategy. A strong launch is orchestrated, because early momentum is not something you hope for — it’s something you engineer.

The goal of launch week is simple: create enough visible traction early that strangers feel comfortable joining in. Successful campaigns often raise twenty to thirty percent of their target in the first week or two, not because the internet is magical, but because the founder has preloaded the campaign with early supporters. Launch day should feel like the moment your audience has been waiting for, not a quiet announcement that disappears into a sea of other posts.

This is where your waitlist becomes one of your most valuable assets. The people who joined early access should not hear about your launch by accident three days later. They should hear immediately, with a clear invitation and a clean link. Your first launch email doesn’t need to be complicated. It simply needs to sound human: “We’re live. Thank you for being here early. Here’s the link. We’d love to have you as a founding investor.” Most supporters want to be included, and if they joined your waitlist, they are expecting this moment.

Founders sometimes hesitate because they worry about being pushy. But launch week is not the time to whisper. You’re not interrupting strangers, you’re following up with people who already raised their hand. The outreach you do during launch week is less about discovery and more about conversion. The strongest early investors are rarely random portal browsers. They are warm supporters who have already been brought along the journey.

This is also why personal communication remains so powerful even after launch. The difference between a campaign that raises $150,000 in the first week and one that raises $1,500 is often not the quality of the company. It’s the quality of the launch plan and the founder’s willingness to communicate directly. Launch week is when those personal follow-ups matter most, because early momentum creates the social proof that makes the broader crowd comfortable joining later.

Another overlooked tool in launch week is events. Founders sometimes think equity crowdfunding is purely digital, but investing is emotional, and live interaction accelerates trust. A simple investor Q&A on Zoom can convert more effectively than a dozen social media posts because it allows supporters to hear your voice, ask questions, and feel included in real time. Even a small in-person gathering — customers, friends, early supporters — can generate momentum far beyond what the founder expects.

The campaigns that succeed treat launch week like a community moment, not a link drop. Planning one event around launch and another within the first ten days can create urgency, participation, and attention. Investors like to feel that something is happening now, and events help turn your offering into an occasion rather than just a webpage.

Launch week is also where what I call “investor champions” become incredibly valuable. Every successful raise has a handful of supporters who amplify it: loyal customers, enthusiastic early backers, community leaders, or friends of the founder who genuinely want to see the company succeed. These people aren’t paid influencers, they are authentic advocates. The founder’s job is to identify them before launch and invite them to help share the campaign, ideally with simple materials and suggested language that makes it easy.

Of course, launch week momentum also depends on the quality of the campaign page itself. By the time investors arrive, whether warm or cold, the offering page online must feel credible and complete. Investors should quickly understand what the company does, why it matters, what traction exists, and what the funding will accomplish. A rushed or confusing offering page creates hesitation, while a clear and professional page reinforces confidence.

One of the most important psychological drivers during launch week is urgency — not artificial pressure, but the genuine feeling of being early. Investors respond when they feel they are joining something at the beginning, when momentum is building, and when participation is real. That doesn’t require gimmicks. It requires clear communication, consistent updates, and visible progress that signals the campaign is alive.

The bottom line is that launch week is not passive. It’s the conversion moment, the bridge between the warm crowd you built pre-launch and the broader crowd that comes once momentum is visible. If you treat launch week like opening weekend — coordinated outreach, engaged supporters, events, champions, and clear messaging — you dramatically increase your chances of starting strong rather than stalling.

Because once momentum is real, the crowd finally does what founders dream it will do. They show up.

Coming next in Part 6: Compliance-safe marketing, what you can say, what you should avoid, and how to build excitement without triggering regulatory headaches or portal compliance issues.

To read Part 1 of the 6 part series, click here.

To read Part 2 of the 6 part series, click here

To read Part 3 of the 6 part series, click here.

To read Part 4 of the 6 part series, click here.

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.

Effectively Marketing Reg CF, Part 4: Content Builds Trust. How to Make Investors Feel Like They Already Know You Before You Launch

By the time most founders start thinking seriously about marketing their Regulation Crowdfunding campaign, they are usually already behind. You learned that in Parts 1 through 3 (LINK) of this series. Not because the paperwork is incomplete or the online offering page isn’t polished, but because they are still treating the offering like a transaction instead of what it really is: a trust exercise.

 Investors don’t wake up one morning eager to invest in a company they have never heard of, led by a founder they don’t know, in an industry they haven’t thought about since high school economics class. Trust has to exist before investment happens, and content is one of the best ways to build that trust.

The central idea is simple: investors invest in what feels familiar. Most people don’t invest the first time they hear about you, no matter how good your pitch is. They invest after they have seen you repeatedly, watched your progress, and started to feel like they understand who you are and what you are building. In other words, crowdfunding works a lot more like a relationship than a vending machine.

 You don’t press “Launch” and have money fall out. You introduce yourself, show up consistently, and earn confidence over time.

This is why pre-launch content is so important. Content is not about hype or trying to “go viral,” and it’s certainly not about shouting “INVEST NOW” into the social media void. It’s about letting people get to know you before you ever ask them to invest. Think of it as inviting supporters behind the scenes while the company is still being built, rather than showing up on launch day and saying, “Hello stranger, would you like to become a shareholder?”

 Founders often assume content needs to be expensive or perfectly produced. They imagine professional video crews, scripted commercials, and glossy brand campaigns with cinematic music. In reality, some of the most effective crowdfunding content is embarrassingly simple. A founder talking into an iPhone camera for sixty seconds can outperform a polished corporate promo because investors aren’t looking for Hollywood - they are looking for authenticity. People love to see a real founder building a real business, not a marketing robot reading bullet points off a teleprompter.

 That’s not to say that you should ignore the quality of your video or any part of your marketing outreach. If you’re shooting a video on your cell phone, make sure the lighting looks good and your audio quality is excellent. Nothing kills a potential investor’s confidence in you than to put out a video that looks like you don’t care about appearance or where you sound like you are in a tin can.  If you don’t care how you look and sound, what confidence are you building in your potential investor audience? They may think: Is this how they will market their products also? Low quality visuals and horrible sound? If so, they will run away and never come back.

 So what should you actually post? The most effective pre-launch content usually falls into a few categories, and none of them require complicated production. Founder story content is powerful because people invest in conviction, not just products. Progress content is equally important because movement creates confidence, and investors want to feel that the company is alive and advancing. Customer love, testimonials, and real-world validation are also extremely persuasive because social proof builds social proof.

 Mission content matters as well, especially in Reg CF where many investors are emotionally motivated supporters rather than purely financial analysts. People like investing in something meaningful, something they can talk about at dinner, something that feels bigger than “we would like more capital.” And finally, the most overlooked category is human content: showing personality, humor, setbacks, and real founder moments. Investors trust founders who sound like humans, not founders who sound like press releases.

 Consistency matters more than brilliance. You don’t need to post ten times a day like an influencer trying to sell protein powder. But you do need to show up often enough that people remember you exist. For many campaigns, two or three thoughtful posts per week in the month or two leading up to launch is plenty. The goal is not volume for the sake of volume, the goal is familiarity through repetition.

 One of the biggest mistakes founders make is producing content without a next step. A post that gets attention is nice, but attention that disappears is wasted. Every piece of pre-launch content should gently funnel interested people toward the waitlist or early access list. The post doesn’t need to be aggressive, but it should invite action: “If you want to be notified when we launch, join the early investor list.” That simple line is how content becomes pipeline.

 Founders also worry about what they are allowed to say, and that concern is legitimate. Securities offerings come with boundaries, and I will address compliance directly in Part 6. But the safest pre-launch content is almost always the most effective content anyway: storytelling, education, mission, traction, and honest progress updates. Avoid exaggerated promises, avoid “get rich” language, and focus instead on building belief in the business. Excitement is fine, exaggeration is not.

 The deeper truth is that equity crowdfunding investors don’t invest because your Form C is beautifully drafted. They invest because they feel connected. They invest because they have watched you build, and they want to be part of what comes next. Content is how you create that connection at scale, long before launch day.

The bottom line is that Regulation Crowdfunding is not just about filing and going live. It’s about building an audience that trusts you enough to invest, and that trust is built through familiarity over time. If you let people meet you now - through consistent, authentic content - then when launch day arrives, investing will feel like a natural next step rather than a cold ask.

 Coming next in Part 5: Launch week strategy, opening weekend momentum, investor champions, events, and how to convert a warm crowd into Day One traction.

To read Part 1 of the six part series, click here.

To read Part 2 of the six part series, click here.

To read Part 3 of the six part series, click here..

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.

Effectively Marketing Reg CF, Part 3: Build the Machine: Waitlists, Landing Pages, and Email Sequences That Turn Interest Into Investors

By now, the pattern should be clear: successful Regulation Crowdfunding campaigns don’t begin on launch day. They begin weeks earlier, when the founder is quietly building momentum behind the scenes. In Part 1, (link at end of article) we talked about the central truth that the crowd doesn’t magically appear first. In Part 2, (link also at end of article) we covered where early momentum actually comes from, which is almost always warm contacts and real human outreach. Now, in Part 3, we turn to the part founders consistently underestimate: building the infrastructure that captures attention and converts it into investment.

Even if you have a great product, a great story, and a supportive network, none of that matters if interested people simply slip away. Equity crowdfunding is not only about creating excitement, it’s about channeling excitement somewhere useful.

“The internet is full of people who are curious for thirty seconds and then gone forever. Your job before launch is to make sure curiosity turns into a relationship, and a relationship turns into action.”

That is why one of the most valuable assets in any Reg CF raise is an email list. Social media is helpful, but it’s also unreliable, because algorithms change and attention is fleeting. Plus, only a small part of your social media audience is fed each post, and then a smaller percentage sees it on their timeline. Email is different because it creates a direct connection that you control. When someone gives you their email address, they are raising their hand in a small but meaningful way. You want to catch that hand and keep the conversation going.

The simplest and most effective way to do that is with a pre-launch landing page. This doesn’t need to be a complicated website or a cinematic masterpiece. It needs to do one job: invite interested supporters to join an early investor list. A clear headline, a short description of the mission, and one call-to-action is enough. Think of it as building the guest list before the party, not trying to serve dinner before anyone arrives. And make sure to follow testing the waters rules.

A real waitlist is different from followers or likes because it reflects intent rather than casual interest. Someone who joins a waitlist is saying, “Keep me in the loop, I care enough to hear more.” Once founders build a waitlist, many assume the work is done until launch day. They think they can simply email everyone when the offering opens and investors will rush in. In reality, people need warming up, familiarity, and repetition before they invest. Launch day should not feel like a surprise announcement. It should feel like the natural next chapter in a story that supporters have been following.

This is where the pre-launch email sequence becomes one of the most powerful tools in crowdfunding. A strong campaign is rarely driven by one email blast, it’s driven by a thoughtful progression of communication over several weeks. Your early emails should tell the founder story and the mission, not scream “invest now.” As launch approaches, you begin sharing traction, progress, and what the round will support. By the time the offering opens, your audience should already feel like insiders.

Founders sometimes worry that sending multiple emails is annoying, but the opposite is usually true when the emails are valuable. Investors rarely invest the first time they hear about an opportunity. They invest after trust accumulates through repeated exposure and consistent communication. This is especially true in Reg CF, where many investors are everyday supporters rather than professional venture funds. They want to feel comfortable, informed, and connected before they act.

What about losing people off your email list? Will it happen? Probably. But as I always point out, why do you want people on your email list who unsubscribe when they hear something positive about your company? Do you really want people on your email list who have no interest in hearing about an opportunity to be an early supporter of your company? Are these really people who are going to otherwise support your company and buy your products? In some cases — yes. In most cases, they were just part of a number so you can brag about the size of your email list, but not someone who likely is going to buy your products or services long term. Someone who invests, on the other hand, is not only likely to purchase what you sell, but also likely to tell others they know about your company and your products.

I’ll take the people I can add to my mailing list from that investor category every day over someone who doesn’t even want to hear about an opportunity to support your amazing business.

Every piece of content you create during pre-launch should funnel back into this machine. Social posts, founder videos, podcasts, events, and outreach should all drive people toward the waitlist. Attention without capture is wasted, like pouring water into a bucket with holes. The purpose of the pre-launch machine is to hold that attention so it can be converted later.

When launch day finally arrives, this infrastructure becomes the difference between silence and momentum. Instead of launching into an empty room, you launch into an audience that has been waiting, reading, and following along. People invest early because it feels like the next step, not a cold ask. That early traction then creates the social proof that brings the broader crowd in afterward.

The bottom line is that Reg CF is not only about filing a form with the SEC and going live. It’s about building a conversion path before you ever open the doors. Warm outreach provides the spark, the waitlist captures interest, and email nurtures trust over time. Together, they create the machine that makes launch week work.

Coming next in Part 4: How to use content and storytelling to make investors feel like they already know you before you ever ask them to invest.

To read Part 1 of the six part series, click here.

To read Part 2 of the six part series, click here.

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.

Effectively Marketing Reg CF, Part 2: Raising $100,000 from Friends, Family, and Warm Contacts Before Launch (Without Making Thanksgiving Weird)

If Part 1 of this series (see link at bottom of this article) on marketing Regulation Crowdfunding offerings was the hard truth - that the crowd doesn’t magically appear the moment your Reg CF offering goes live - then Part 2 is the equally important follow-up truth: The first real momentum in almost every successful Reg CF raise comes from the people who already know you. Not strangers on the internet. Not paid ads. Not the mythical “crowd” that founders imagine is sitting around refreshing funding portal or broker-dealer webpages all day hoping a new offering drops.

The beginning of a crowdfunding raise is almost always funded by what you might call the warm circle: friends, family, former colleagues, neighbors, customers, business contacts, and the people who have known you long enough to answer a text message without assuming it’s spam. Founders sometimes resist this idea because they want crowdfunding to feel different. They want it to feel like democratized capital, powered entirely by strangers who discover the company on a portal and invest simply because the opportunity is compelling. And eventually, that does happen.

But not first.

The crowd doesn’t create momentum. The crowd joins momentum. And the first spark almost always comes from the people who already trust the founder. That’s not unethical. It’s not awkward. It’s not some secret trick. It’s simply how fundraising works, whether you’re raising money privately or publicly. The only difference is that in Reg CF, your momentum is visible to everyone, so the opening act matters even more.

A practical benchmark for many strong campaigns is trying to line up roughly $100,000 of likely early participation before you ever launch. This doesn’t mean that money is already wired somewhere. It means you have real conversations, and real people have said, in one form or another, “Yes, send me the link when it opens.”

Why does this matter so much?

Because crowdfunding operates on social proof. Investors are human. They look around to see what other people are doing. If a campaign launches and immediately shows traction, it feels alive. It feels credible. It feels like something worth joining. On the other hand, if a campaign launches into silence and crawls along for weeks, even interested investors begin to hesitate. They may not consciously think, “This offering is bad,” but they do think, “Why is no one else investing?”

Early dollars aren’t just capital. They are confidence.

The most powerful practical exercise a company can do at the beginning of pre-launch planning is something very simple: have every person on the team write down their closest one hundred contacts.

Not one hundred random LinkedIn connections. Not people they met once at a networking event in 2019. The closest one hundred means people who would actually respond if they reached out - people who trust them, respect them, or at least know who they are without needing a reminder. When teams do this exercise honestly, the results are often surprising. A five-person leadership group can quickly uncover five hundred warm relationships that could either invest directly or introduce someone else who might. That is the beginning of the crowd. Not the funding portal or broker-dealer. Not the algorithm. The humans who already exist around the founder.

Once you have that list, the next step is where founders sometimes go wrong. They assume the correct move is to send out a large, generic announcement blast - something like “Dear friends and family, we are raising money!”

Please don’t do that.

Nothing makes a founder sound more like a timeshare salesperson than a mass email that begins with “Hello everyone…” and ends with an overly enthusiastic link. Reg CF investing is not an impulse purchase. It’s a decision to support a business. The outreach needs to feel personal, human, and respectful. One thoughtful message sent individually will outperform fifty generic blasts sent into the void.

The best outreach is not a hard ask. It’s an invitation. A simple note works far better than founders expect, because people generally like being included early. Something as straightforward as, “We’re preparing to open an investment round soon, and I wanted you to be one of the first to know,” feels warm and appropriate. It doesn’t corner anyone. It doesn’t pressure them. It simply opens the door.

If the person is interested, they will ask questions. If they aren’t, they will politely decline. Both outcomes are fine. The goal is not to convince everyone. The goal is to identify the early believers - the people who will create the opening momentum that makes strangers comfortable joining later.

It’s also important to understand that the best result from outreach is not always an investment. Often, the most valuable response is an introduction. Someone may say, “I can’t invest myself, but I have a friend who would love this.” Those introductions compound quickly. Crowdfunding spreads through networks of real relationships far more effectively than founders realize.

Another key point is that this should not fall entirely on the founder’s shoulders. Many campaigns stall because the founder tries to do all pre-launch outreach alone, while everyone else on the team watches from the sidelines. This works much better when it becomes a structured team effort. Team members should have their own outreach lists. What about team members who don’t want to reach out to people they know to invest in the company they are part of? I’d seriously reconsider whether those team members should be team members if they don’t believe in your company enough to offer their connections an early opportunity to invest.

Your company should treat early momentum as a collective mission, not a solo burden. A simple tracking spreadsheet, while not glamorous, can make an enormous difference. Fundraising is pipeline management. You would never run a sales process without tracking leads and follow-ups, and you should not run a crowdfunding raise without tracking early investor conversations.

Timing also matters. Warm outreach doesn’t happen the night before launch. People are busy. They need time to read, think, ask questions, check finances, and sometimes talk it over with a spouse or advisor. The strongest campaigns begin these conversations weeks in advance, so that by the time launch arrives, there is already an audience waiting outside the theater.

And finally, it’s worth saying clearly what this is not. This is not begging. This is not pressuring. This is not guilting your aunt into investing her retirement account because you cornered her next to the mashed potatoes. This is inviting the people closest to you into something you’re building, if it fits them.

Most early supporters feel pride, not resentment. They like being part of the beginning.

The bottom line is simple: if you want the crowd to show up after launch, you must build momentum before launch. And momentum almost always starts with warm contacts. Make the list. Reach out personally. Have your team reach out personally. Build that first $100,000 of early support. I’ve had clients who did this right launch with hundreds of thousands of dollars committed on Day One. Because when you open the doors to the live offering, you want investors waiting outside - not silence echoing inside an empty room.

Coming next in Part 3: How to build the actual pre-launch infrastructure that converts attention into investment - landing pages, waitlists, and email sequences that work.

To read Part 1 of the six part series, click here.

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.

Effectively Marketing Reg CF, Part 1: The Truth Is The Crowd Doesn’t Show Up First

For part one of this six part series on marketing Reg CF offerings, let me start with an uncomfortable truth, because Regulation Crowdfunding is full of them.

 A Reg CF offering is not like putting a product on a shelf and waiting for customers to wander in. It’s not like opening a lemonade stand in the middle of the summer and watching the neighborhood form a line because, naturally, everyone has been thinking about lemonade all week. And it’s definitely not like posting “WE’RE LIVE!!!” on LinkedIn and having thousands of investors appear out of thin air, credit cards in hand, ready to fund your dreams.

 If only.

 Crowdfunding doesn’t work that way. Not in real life. Not in the real securities world. Not in the world where investors are cautious, distracted, and have approximately 400 other things competing for their attention, including their jobs, their families, and whatever Netflix just released last night. The biggest mistake founders make in Reg CF is thinking that the crowd shows up first. They don’t. The crowd shows up later, and only if they see something worth joining.

 A Reg CF raise is much closer to throwing a party than flipping a light switch. If you don’t invite anyone ahead of time, you’re not “launching a party.” You’re simply standing alone in your living room with a bowl of chips, checking your phone, wondering why nobody came. The chips are stale. The music is playing for no one. The vibe is… bleak.

 That, in crowdfunding terms, is what a cold launch looks like.

 Founders often imagine the process like this: you file your Form C, your offering is posted online and then the internet does its magical internet thing. Investors appear. Momentum builds. The raise closes. Champagne pops. Everyone hugs. A documentary crew follows you around for Season Two.

 In reality, the first few days of a Reg CF campaign often look more like this: your mom invests $500, your college roommate throws in $250, your CFO refreshes the portal page seventy-three times, and someone asks the question no one wants to hear out loud: “So… is this working?”

 Crowdfunding is not a magic money machine. It’s a momentum machine, but only if you build the engine before you hit the ignition.

 One of the defining features of Reg CF is that your progress is public. Unlike a quiet private raise, where commitments happen behind closed doors, crowdfunding is a scoreboard. If you are on a funding portal, anyone who lands on your campaign page can see how much you have raised, how many investors have participated, and whether the whole thing feels alive or abandoned.

 Humans, as it turns out, aren’t perfectly rational creatures. Investors don’t want to be the first penguin jumping into the ocean to see if there are sharks. They want to jump in after forty-seven other penguins have already gone in safely.

 So if your campaign is sitting at $8,200 after two weeks, with fourteen investors and an update that says, “We are excited to announce that we are excited,” that doesn’t inspire confidence. It doesn’t necessarily mean the company is bad. But crowdfunding is perception-driven, and the perception becomes: “If no one else is investing, what do they know that I don’t?”

 That’s why early momentum is everything.

 If Reg CF were a movie, your first week is opening weekend. And opening weekend determines whether your project becomes a blockbuster or quietly disappears into the streaming abyss, destined to be rediscovered years later in a documentary called Startup Dreams: The Reg CF Offering That Never Took Off.

 Successful campaigns almost always raise a meaningful amount early. A common benchmark is reaching twenty to thirty percent of your target within the first seven to ten days. Not two percent. Not “we’re building awareness.” Not “ads start next month.” Real traction. Momentum attracts momentum. That is the whole game.

 Think of crowdfunding like a bonfire. The crowd doesn’t show up with firewood and matches. The crowd shows up when they see flames. Your job before launch is to build the fire: early believers, warm contacts, committed supporters, a real sense that something is happening. The crowd is gasoline, not the spark.

 Here’s another analogy that founders understand immediately. Imagine you’re walking down the street trying to decide where to eat dinner. You see two restaurants. One is packed, buzzing, full of laughter, plates clinking, people clearly having a good time. The other is completely empty except for one lonely waiter staring into the void like a character in a French art film.

 Where do you go?

 Exactly.

 Even if the empty restaurant has better food, your brain screams, “Something must be wrong here.” Crowdfunding works the same way. Investors don’t want to be first. They want to join something already moving.

 And here’s the deeper truth: Reg CF is not just capital raising. It’s trust raising. Investors don’t invest because they memorized your valuation. They invest because they believe you’re credible, the business is real, the founders can execute, and other people believe too. A crowdfunding raise is a trust campaign disguised as a securities offering. That trust doesn’t begin on launch day.

 So what does it actually mean to “build the crowd” before you launch? It means you don’t treat launch day as the starting line. Launch day is the performance. Pre-launch is rehearsal, ticket sales, and filling the seats. Before you ever go live, you should already have a warm audience ready. You should have investors who have said, “Send me the link when it opens.” You should have an email list that isn’t just your own staff. You should have content circulating, conversations happening, anticipation building, all while following testing the waters rules and archiving your crowd building efforts.

 A practical benchmark that many strong campaigns follow is having at least $100,000 of likely investment commitments lined up before Day One. That doesn’t mean money wired into escrow. It means real human beings - names, faces, actual conversations - who have expressed genuine interest and intent. Because if you launch tomorrow, the question is not “Will the crowd invest?” The question is: who invests in the first seventy-two hours? If you cannot answer that with actual people, you’re launching into the void. And the void is not known for writing checks.

 Founders sometimes say, “We’ll market after we launch.” That is like saying, “We’ll invite people to the party after it starts.” Marketing happens before. Awareness happens before. Familiarity happens before. Launch is where you convert what you’ve already built. And the founder’s role in all of this is unavoidable. Crowdfunding is not passive. It’s not something you outsource entirely to a portal. The founder becomes the chief storyteller, the chief trust-builder, and frankly, the chief person-who-has-to-text-two-hundred-people. The founders who embrace that reality succeed. The ones who expect strangers to do the heavy lifting on Day One usually don’t.

 So here is the bottom line, stated plainly: a Reg CF offering is not a vending machine where you press “Launch” and money falls out. It’s a campaign built on momentum and trust. The crowd doesn’t arrive first. The crowd arrives when you have already built something worth joining.

Before you file. Before you launch. Before you start spending real money on marketing, ask yourself one simple question: Who is already standing outside the theater waiting for the doors to open?

 Because if nobody is outside, opening night is going to be very, very quiet.

 Coming next in Part 2: How to raise your first $100,000 from friends, family, and warm contacts - without feeling like you’re pitching a timeshare at Thanksgiving dinner.

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.

How To Make An Effective Equity Crowdfunding Video

Take an AI generated movie set background, sprinkle in some bad photoshop of my head, and Voila! I’m a film director!

Why is a securities lawyer talking about making videos? Those who know me understand, but for those who are new to the world of Kendall Almerico, let me give you a tiny bit of background.

I’m been shooting and editing film (and later video) since I was a teenager. Not to date myself, but that means I was making Super 8 movies and cutting them with a razor and using tape to hold clips together. I remember when video cameras first came out and there was no way to edit them at home, so anything you shot had to be shot in order — no mulligans — to make a cohesive movie.

Go ahead, make dinosaur jokes.

I later worked in television and radio stations and I have an undergraduate degree in broadcasting. You used to have to pretty much work in broadcast related business to have access to video editing equipment. Now, anybody and everybody can shoot and edit quality video with the tiny device we all keep in our pockets (or our hands)  — but that doesn’t mean everyone can make a great video that tells a story and sells a product or company. That takes not just technical knowhow, but a certain set of skills that involves knowing how to communicate to the masses in a persuasive manner.

I’m not a professional videographer, but I know how to tell a story. I know how to communicate with investors through video. And I’m smart enough to know that a style of video that works for one company, does not necessarily work for every company.

There are some common elements in most successful equity crowdfunding videos, and this article will talk about those elements, and give you some real world examples of videos that I have used personally with clients to successfully to raise significant capital in the equity crowdfunding space.

Get Attention Quickly

You only have a few seconds to grab a viewer’s attention and to keep it. Many experts (people who write things on the internet are always “experts” so you know they’re telling the truth!) say that if you don’t grab a viewer’s attention in the first 10 seconds of an online video, you will lose that viewer. It’s true. People have short attention spans — especially when watching video online. So you need to grab people’s attention right away. I’m not sure 10 seconds is really a make or break point, but you definitely need to do something at the beginning of the video to keep people engaged.

If they stop watching your video after 10 seconds, there is a very strong chance they are not going to invest in your company. So don’t start off your video with something boring. Things like a great visual, an exciting phrase or a famous face will hold attention. Do what works for your company, but do it right away at the beginning of your video.

And I know all of this because I’m an expert!

Here is an example from my client, international craft brewing sensation BrewDog. More about them later (and the full video this screenshot came from), but when they launched their first successful Reg A offering a few years ago, the first thing you saw on their equity crowdfunding video was this:

You may not have known that BrewDog called their equity crowdfunding offerings “Equity for Punks.” You may know anything about them. But you see a vibrant Times Square backdrop and some attention grabbing words: Propaganda Outreach. If you stopped watching after seeing this, you were never the kind of person who was going to invest in their company anyway.

Don’t Go Too Long

A lot of “experts” will tell you that your video should be under 2 minutes. Some will tell you under 90 seconds. While this would be ideal given the short attention spans of your typical TicTok viewer, it’s not really accurate when it comes to equity crowdfunding videos. The reality is, most companies will not be able to effectively introduce their company, explain an investment opportunity and convince strangers to invest in 90 seconds. The random time limitations people impose also contradict the reality that if you make a 60 minute compelling and interesting video, people will watch it for 60 minutes. Hell, every major motion picture made is 90 minutes minimum, and a great film leaves you on the edge of your seat not leaving, but instead wanting more.

This goes back to my story telling comment earlier in the article. If you can tell the complete story in 90 seconds, you should do so. But if it takes 3–5 minutes to do so, and you can do it in a very interesting and compelling way, 3–5 minutes is also okay. It all depends on what you are saying, who is saying it, how it is being said, and if you have a creative team who knows how to keep the subject matter interesting.

I’m going to use three examples of videos made by equity crowdfunding clients of mine to launch their online offerings – one of which is still ongoing as this is published. All three were very successful, and collectively these three offerings raised millions of dollars from thousands of investors. The lengths of the three videos are 2:07, 2:38 and 5:15! When you see each of these videos below, I doubt you will be looking at your watch and wondering why they are longer than 90 seconds. They are compelling, attention grabbing and interesting. But if you are going to use a 5 minute video, you better make sure it’s not boring or repetitive. Show it to a few people when it’s done but before you launch it. If you hear “That was too long” and — believe me, people will tell you if it’s too long — then edit it down and make it tighter.

Get People Excited About Your Company As Quickly As Possible

Remember, you are not making The Godfather or Citizen Kane.

You’re making a commercial for your company. You’re not trying to sell tickets to a movie theatre. You’re trying to sell investments in your company. This is not time for Quentin Tarantino film techniques with a timeline where you have to watch half a movie that seems chronologically challenged then it all ties together at the end (with lots of blood and cursing). You’re making an ad. It needs to grab people quickly. I needs to get people excited about your company quickly. It needs to get people thinking “I’ll watch the rest of this, I’m interested in investing in this company!”

So don’t wait until 30 seconds into a 2 minute video to explain what your company does. Tell the viewer right away. Let them know why your company is special — right away. Use visuals — this is video after all — do not have a talking head spending 30 seconds explaining something that one picture or 5 seconds of video can explain immediately!

Real People Get Real Results

Not every great equity crowdfunding video has someone central to the company in it. But most do. And there is a reason why.

Lots of people bet on the jockey, not on the horse.

Most companies using equity crowdfunding, whether it is Reg A or Reg CF, are at a relatively early stage. Apple is not using equity crowdfunding. Apple can do a video, use its famous logo, throw up great imagery and sounds — and sell you its products — because its Apple! You already know who they are and what they do.

Most companies using equity crowdfunding are not particularly well-known. You have to explain to people what you do, and who you are. And having a face that is integral to the company to do the explaining is usually the right call. Look, I’ll be the first to admit if the founders of a company do not look good or do not sound great on video, this concept gets thrown out the window. But most founders believe in their company, know more about the company than anyone else, and speak with passion about their company and that belief, knowledge and passion come through in a well-made video.

Here’s an example from a Reg A video for my client Armed Forces Brewing Company who sold out their first Reg A offering. They are now on their second Reg A offering which you can read about here: www.OwnArmedForcesBrewingCo.com Their entire launch video is below, but this is the first frame of the video from their initial Reg A offering:

That guy is Robert J. O’Neill, a highly decorated retired Navy SEAL who also just happens to be the guy who shot and killed Osama Bin Laden. He is one of many veterans who own this military tribute brewery. While many people recognize him, not everyone does, so the first words out of his mouth are “I’m Robert J. O’Neill, former Navy SEAL Team 6 operator, and I shot a famous guy.” Even if you didn’t hear the audio, you have seen (a) the company’s logo and branding, (b) American flags and (c) guns and ammo. If this kind of imagery is not appealing to a viewer, that viewer is not likely to invest in Armed Forces Brewing Company. But for people who are fans of the U.S. military and veterans, this opening shot and tiny bit of dialogue have sucked you in and kept you watching. This is what the beginning of an effective video needs to do.

Remember the graphic that started the BrewDog video I showed you earlier — the one that said Equity For Punks: Propaganda Outreach? Right after that graphic, the video cuts to BrewDog’s founders. 

They are shot from a very low angle and they have NYC lights behind them. It’s visually strange, but grabs your attention. And it fits their company. Here are your founders — this is who we are! And when you see the full video a little further down in this article, you will hear the passion in their voices as they tell you how excited they are to bring their global success to America!

Problem and Solution

There is a widely held belief that every pitch deck, every video and every other thing done to attract investors must identify a problem, then explain why this company has the magical solution!

I’m not one to argue with things that work, and I agree that this makes sense in many cases — particularly when you have a new product or service that people may not understand. If you have to explain that a problem exists because people do not inherently know about it, then a “problem and solution” section of your video is probably a good idea. In fact, you may want to lead with it.

But if your company is entering a flourishing and crowded market that already exists, forcing a “problem and solution” into a video may just be a waste of time. Leave it in your deck or on your offering page. For example, my client BrewDog is a craft brewery behemoth that is a true unicorn — with an enterprise valuation of more than $1B. They have successfully run many equity crowdfunding offerings around the world, and have raised hundreds of millions of dollars from hundreds of thousands of crowdfunding investors worldwide. When they used Reg A to fund their first U.S. brewery, they were already a successful and profitable brand all over Europe, but had almost no footprint or visibility in America. They simply believed that they had a better product, a better approach and better everything than craft brewers in America.

There wasn’t a “problem” with the craft brewing industry in the U.S. they were trying to take their share of. They didn’t offer a “solution” to a problem. They just needed to educate people about who they were, what they bring to the table and their overseas success. So their crowdfunding launch video (click on the photo below to watch the video) did not have (or need) a “problem and solution” section.

This video launched one of the first Reg A offerings in the U.S. and drove thousands of people who had never heard of BrewDog to invest millions in the company to launch their U.S. operations. One of the reasons I love this video so much is that it really sends a message about what BrewDog is all about. You see the two founders and you know their personalities right away (bet on the jockey not the horse). It is high energy and you hear about their success overseas (get people excited as soon as possible). It is professional looking and has great video and sound (see below for good video and sound). It asks for an investment (see below for don’t forget the ask). You see that they like to “stick it to the man” by dropping “fat cats” all over Wall Street. While this approach may not appeal to everyone, and probably not to many traditional stock market investors at the time, it was an incredibly effective video to introduce a company to a new market for that company, and it worked.

What I like about it most is that I made an Alfred Hitchcockian cameo in the video. Yes, that’s me — the extremely handsome movie star everyone is staring at before he is unceremoniously smacked down by a parachuting fat cat. If there were credits in the video, I would have been listed as “Dude in suit on Wall Street pummeled by falling feline.”

Talk About Your Business — But Don’t Make It All About Numbers

In the world of public companies traded on NASDAQ or the NYSE, it’s all about the numbers. Revenues, profitability, PE ratios and a million other stats that analysts spew out to analyze how a company is performing. Public company management often spend more time worrying about their stock price than anything else. Numbers are important. But don’t make the mistake of thinking that most Reg A or Reg CF offerings should be treated anything like public companies when it comes to talking about business numbers in an equity crowdfunding video.

Hit a few main numbers and statistics in your video, but if you include more than 2–3, you are going to lose your audience. Watching a crowdfunding video is nothing like watching a stock market analyst talking about a publicly traded company on CNBC. If your video drones on and on about numbers and stats, I can assure you many people will stop paying attention. It’s hard to entertain and keep people engaged when you are droning on and on about one number after another.

If you are going to use numbers and stats, consider adding graphics to illustrate. There is a reason people say a picture is worth a thousand words. People will remember a graphic with a number at a far greater percentage that a number than is merely spoken. For example, take a look at this video from another client of mine that recently completed a successful Reg CF offering, Wunderground Coffee.

Look at how Wunderground’s Reg CF video illustrated a key number/stat to show their growth.

This is one of my favorite crowdfunding videos because (a) it worked (b) it told a lot of important stories about the company in a short time (c) it showed off the amaxing founder Jody Hall and her team of very successful entrepreneurs with multiple exits and a history with an industry giant (d) explained why mushroom coffee is delicious and healthy and a new growing industry and (e) had lots and lots of “food porn” shots of their amazing coffee.

Don’t Forget “The Ask”

Crowdfunding Video 101 — Ask your viewers to invest. Ask more than once if you want. Definitely ask at the very end — in the perfect world a viewer of the video watches the video then goes straight to the INVEST button on the same webpage and pulls the trigger. Reminding the viewer of this is important and a necessity for any equity crowdfunding video.

Don’t be subtle. Ask for an investment. Ask for money. I’ve had clients try to be clever and not want to mention their video is about getting people to invest. This misguided desire to be subtle and not ask directly for an investment reminds me of how some people run ads for an equity crowdfunding offering. They run an ad about something sexy, something interesting, something to drive a click on the ad — but never mention the ad is driving the person who click to an investment opportunity. This is almost always a mistake, and gets a click from someone who then finds out they are being asked to invest. People do not like being deceived. It’s a waste of ad money driving clicks from people who then get surprised, and not in a good way, that you are asking them for money to grow your company. If you are running ads and not telling people you are seeking an investment, you’re wasting your money and their time. Same thing with your video. If you suck them in, keep them excited and never tell them you are asking them to invest, you just wasted an opportunity.

Last, But Not Least — Good Sound and Video Quality Matter

Don’t get me wrong — you do not have to get Martin Scorsese to direct your equity crowdfunding video or use a Hollywood crew of 50 people to shoot a 2 minute video. I’ve seen great equity crowdfunding video that were shot on an iPhone and edited in iMovie. But even those paid attention to two important details: great video and good sound quality.

Great video means having good lighting and keeping everything in focus. Good sound quality usually means having an external microphone especially if you are using an iPhone. Nothing is` more unprofessional than a poorly lit video where the person talking isn’t using a mic, and it sounds like they are in a tin can or the Lincoln Tunnel.

The point is you are asking people to invest in your company. People want to invest in a company that will be successful. If you can’t invest a few bucks to make a great video when it is often the first and only impression a potential investor will have of your company, then you’re not projecting success to the audience that matters. If people think you can’t even make a decent video that looks and sounds good, why should they trust you with a much more difficult task of building and growing an entire company?

A few final words…

There is no cookie cutter, one-size-fits-all approach to an equity crowdfunding video. In fact, one video used to launch a Reg A offering that sold out and was oversubscribed, pretty much broke most of the rules above. Watch this equity crowdfunding launch video for Armed Forces Brewing Company  —  a military tribute brewery that pledges to employ 70% if their national workforce from veterans and their family members. The video is funny, silly, goofy and a parody of a lot of things. Some people loved it and shared it and it was seen by a huge number of people, Some people didn’t like it at all because it was too campy, but they remembered it. It features a famous person — retired Navy SEAL Robert J. O’Neill who shot and killed Osama Bin Laden, playing an over-the-top cartoon version of himself shooting and blowing things up.

Humor in an equity crowdfunding video is a big risk, and although this one paid off, it’s not always easy to do the right way. Armed Forces Brewing Company had a strategy from the beginning that they were going to market their company using humor and it worked for them at the beginning, and still works today as they are in a second Reg A offering as I publish this. Watch another of their promotional videos used during their Reg A offering.

Again, they break all the video rules, but it worked for Armed Forces Brewing Company. They oversubscribed their first Reg A offering and are on their way to doing the same in their second Reg A offering.

The point here is that every company is different and your equity crowdfunding video should reflect your company’s ethos, mission and character. Compare the BrewDog video above to the Wunderground video above. Two very effective videos, but completely different style, tone, and direction.

One thing I cannot overemphasize — get help from professionals when you create your equity crowdfunding video. The professionals may be your marketing team, your social media team, outside videographers or others. But this is an area where guidance, both technical (video, audio, music, graphics) and in the overall writing and presentation is invaluable.

Your equity crowdfunding video can make or break your Reg A or Reg CF offering. Don’t make the mistake of glossing over this incredibly important part of a successful online capital raise.

This article is not and should not be considered legal advice. Yes, I am a securities lawyer but no, you did not hire me to provide you with legal advice. In all cases, consult with your own lawyer as every legal situation is unique and do not rely on my educational and informative article as legal advice.